Chinua Achebe’s attitude toward women in Things Fall Apart

Answer

Write a note on Chinua Achebe’s attitude toward women in “Things Fall Apart.”

Chinua Achebe’s (1930-2013) “Things Fall Apart” (1958) is a rich and complex novel that explores the life and culture of the Igbo people in Nigeria. One of the central themes in the novel is the role and status of women in Igbo society. Achebe portrays women in a multifaceted manner. He acknowledges both their subordination and their significant roles within the community. Here are key points that highlight Achebe’s attitude towards women in “Things Fall Apart”:

Women as Nurturers and Caregivers: In Igbo society, women are primarily seen as nurturers and caregivers. Achebe shows this through the character of Ekwefi, Okonkwo’s second wife. Ekwefi deeply cares for her daughter Ezinma. Ekwefi’s devotion to Ezinma is evident in her protective and loving actions.  This highlights the strength and determination of women in their roles as mothers and caregivers.

Women as Peacekeepers: Women in “Things Fall Apart” also play the role of peacekeepers. When Okonkwo nearly shoots Ekwefi, the women intervene and diffuse the situation. Achebe illustrates women’s calming influence on the aggressive and often violent tendencies of men in Igbo society. This intervention highlights women’s crucial role in maintaining peace within the household and the community.

Spiritual Roles and Influence: Achebe acknowledges the spiritual significance of women through the character of Chielo, the priestess of Agbala. Chielo’s role as a spiritual leader demonstrates the respect and reverence accorded to women in certain spiritual contexts. Achebe writes, 

In ordinary life Chielo was a widow with two children. She was very friendly with Ekwefi and they shared a common shed in the market.,,,,,,,,,,,, But when the spirit of Agbala was upon her she was different.

This duality in Chielo’s character highlights the complex and respected roles women can occupy.

Women as Victims of Patriarchy: Despite their important roles, women in “Things Fall Apart” are often victims of the patriarchal society. Okonkwo’s treatment of his wives reflects this. He frequently beats them and treats them as possessions. For example, Achebe describes Okonkwo’s reaction to his wife’s negligence: 

He walked back to his obi to await Ojiugo’s return. And when she returned he beat her very heavily.

This harsh treatment highlights the subjugation and lack of autonomy experienced by women.

Women and Economic Contributions: Women contribute significantly to the economy in Igbo society. They are responsible for growing crops like coco-yams, beans, and cassava. This economic role is crucial for the sustenance of their families. Achebe highlights this contribution when he writes, 

His mother and sisters worked hard enough, but they grew women’s crops, like coco-yams, beans, and cassava.

This passage shows that while their contributions might be underestimated, they are essential to the community’s survival.

The Importance of Female Children: Achebe also highlights the importance of female children through the character of Ezinma. Okonkwo’s deep affection for Ezinma, whom he wishes was a boy, signifies the paradoxical value placed on daughters. Achebe writes, 

She should have been a boy,

Despite his desire for male offspring, Okonkwo acknowledges Ezinma’s unique qualities and abilities. This indicates both the high regard and the gender-based regret Okonkwo feels.

In “Things Fall Apart,” Chinua Achebe provides a fine portrayal of women. He acknowledges their vital roles. Through characters like Ekwefi, Chielo, and Ezinma, Achebe illustrates women’s strength, resilience, and complexity in Igbo society. He offers a balanced view that recognizes their significant contributions.