Burke’s Prose Style
Speech on the East India Bill is a notable literary work by Edmund Burke. A complete discussion of this literary work is given, which will help you enhance your literary skills and prepare for the exam. Read the Main texts, Key info, Summary, Themes, Characters, Literary devices, Quotations, Notes, to various questions of Speech on the East India Bill.
Answer
Analyze Burke’s prose style with special reference to his “Speech on East India Bill.”
Edmund Burke (1729-1797) was a statesman with poetic oratory skills. His prose style in the December 1, 1783 speech regarding Mr. Fox’s East India Bill is marked by several distinctive features. These features highlight his rhetorical skill and depth of thought. Here are several unique points that illustrate Burke’s prose style.
Structured Argumentation: Burke’s speech is meticulously structured. It allows him to present his arguments logically and coherently. He introduces his points systematically. He often summarizes previous inquiries to set the stage for his current arguments. For instance, he opens with a reflection on the long parliamentary inquiries:
Our enquiries are now come to their final issue:……a substantial reform in our Eastern administration.
Vivid Imagery and Metaphors: Burke uses vivid imagery and metaphors to bring his arguments to life. He often paints a stark picture of the consequences of inaction or misrule. For instance, he describes the dire situation in India with evocative language:
A letter is written in consequence, in such a style of lofty despotism, ….. The troops were continued… and the country is ruined.
Such imagery helps his audience visualize the impacts of policy decisions.
Use of Historical and Literary References: Burke frequently references history and literature to lend authority to his arguments and to draw parallels with contemporary issues. He compares the current situation with historical precedents, thereby highlighting its significance. For example, he reflects on the governance of India by referencing classical authors:
Tacitus and Machiavel, by their cold way of relating enormous crimes, have in some sort appeared not to disapprove them; that they seem a sort of professors of the art of tyranny.
This reference enriches his argument and connects it to a broader intellectual tradition.
Formal and Polished Language: Burke’s formal and polished language reflects the decorum expected in parliamentary discourse. His choice of words and sentence structures demonstrates a high level of education and rhetorical skill. He maintains a tone of respect and seriousness throughout, even when criticizing his opponents.
Balanced Criticism and Rational Debate: While Burke is passionate in his speech, he balances criticism with rational debate. He carefully deconstructs the arguments of his opponents and provides reasoned counterarguments. For instance, he critiques the opposition’s focus on legal technicalities instead of substantive issues. He states this in the following manner:
It has been a little painful to me to observe the intrusion into this important debate of such company as Quo Warranto, and Mandamus, and Certiorari.
By doing so, he positions himself as a rational and fair-minded speaker.
Ethical and Philosophical Reflections: Burke’s prose often deals with ethical and philosophical reflections. This provides a deeper context for his arguments. He discusses the nature of power, justice, and governance, urging his audience to consider these broader principles.
In conclusion, Edmund Burke’s prose style in his 1783 speech is unique in oratory history. It has emotional and moral appeals, vivid imagery, historical references, formal language, and balanced criticism. These elements combine to create a compelling and persuasive oratory that addresses immediate political issues and engages with timeless ethical and philosophical questions.