Make a comparative study of behaviourist and mentalist theory of L-1 acquisition.

Answer

Make a comparative study of behaviourist and mentalist theory of L-1 acquisition.

Language acquisition is a complex process in human development. Two main theories explain how children learn their first language (L1). The Behaviourist Theory sees language learning as a result of environmental influence. The Mentalist Theory claims it is due to an inborn ability. Both theories give a practical sense to language development. They focus on different processes and ideas. To understand this better, we must discuss the main aspects.

Mechanisms of Language Learning for Behaviourist Theory: Behaviourist Theory is associated with B.F. Skinner (1904 – 1990). It states that children learn language from their environment. According to this theory, they listen and imitate the language they hear daily. Adults correct and reward children’s language use. This encouragement helps children form habits. Over time, practice makes these habits stronger. Children repeat words and phrases until they become natural. This means language learning is viewed as habit formation. 

Mechanisms of Language Learning for Mentalist Theory: Noam Chomsky (1928 – Present) leads the Mentalist Theory. He believes children are born with a special ability for language. Chomsky uses the term Language Acquisition Device (LAD). It means that children have a built-in system for understanding language. Mentalist Theory says that language learning is mostly mental and natural. Children use their minds to make sense of language rules. They can produce sentences they have never heard before. This shows they do not only copy others. Mentalists say language is a creative and internal process, not just a habit.

Role of Environment: According to behaviourists, the environment is the main factor. Children learn language when they hear people talking. If they use the right words, they get praise or attention. This reward helps them remember and repeat the word. Behaviourists believe learning depends on what children hear at home or school. Without exposure, learning will not happen much.

On the other hand, Mentalists think the environment matters in L1. However, it is not everything. They believe exposure gives only basic input. Children use their