Dryden is Both Typical and Universal  in “Absalom and Achitophel,”

Answer

 In “Absalom and Achitophel,” Dryden is both typical and universal. Discuss. Or How do “Absalom and Achitophel” transcend the typical interest?

John Dryden’s (1631-1700) “Absalom and Achitophel” (1681) is a masterful political satire. The poem uses biblical allegory to comment on the political turmoil of Dryden’s time, specifically the Exclusion Crisis and the Monmouth Rebellion. Through his portrayal of characters and events, Dryden captures both the specific issues of his day. Here are key points that illustrate how Dryden’s work is both typical of its time and universally relevant.

Historical Context: The poem was written during a specific historical period, the late 17th century. It was written as a political allegory. It reflects the events of the Exclusion Crisis in England. This age saw political turmoil and tensions surrounding the succession to the throne. This historical context provides a typical background for the poem, as it draws inspiration from a specific moment in time. Dryden draws parallels between the biblical story of King David and the contemporary political landscape.  

Political Allegory – Reflecting the Times: “Absalom and Achitophel” is typical of Dryden’s time in its use of allegory to comment on contemporary politics. The poem uses the biblical story of Absalom’s rebellion against his father, King David. This mirrors the real-life Exclusion Crisis in England, where there was a movement to exclude James II from the throne.

Absalom, ambitious of the crown, 

Was made the lure to draw the people down.

This line directly parallels the Duke of Monmouth (Absalom) and his ambition. It reflects the political climate of Dryden’s England. 

Universal Themes of Ambition and Betrayal: Despite its specific historical context, the poem addresses universal themes such as ambition and betrayal, which resonate across time. Absalom’s betrayal of his father, David, powerfully represents the dangers of unchecked ambition. Dryden says,

How fatal ’tis to be too good a king!

This line captures the universal struggle of rulers to maintain power in the face of betrayal by those they trust. 

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