Dryden is Both Typical and Universal  in “Absalom and Achitophel,”

Answer

 In “Absalom and Achitophel”, Dryden is both typical and universal. Discuss. 

John Dryden (1631-1700) is one of the greatest English satirists. His poem “Absalom and Achitophel” (1681) is special. It talks about old English politics. But its ideas are still fresh today. The poem is “typical” as it follows classic satire rules. It is “universal” as its themes touch all people. Dryden uses a Bible story to hide real events. This makes the poem deep but simple. We will see how Dryden fits his time, yet speaks to all ages.

Political Voice of His Time: Dryden speaks for the king and the ruling party. He supports King Charles II and the Tories. He writes to defend the king against enemies. Dryden attacks the Whigs in the poem. He says,

“The Jews, a headstrong, moody, murm’ring race,…

No king could govern, nor no God could please;”

These lines satirize Whig rebels as unruly and ungrateful. Dryden uses satire to fight back. He wants to protect the royal line. This shows he is a typical poet of his time. Many poets in his age did this.

Use of Bible Story: Dryden tells the story of David and Absalom. But this is not just a holy story. David means King Charles II. Absalom means his son Monmouth. Achitophel means Shaftesbury. Dryden shows Absalom’s ambition in the following line:

“Desire of greatness is a god-like sin.”

Dryden uses allegory to hide real names. This is very typical of poets in his time. Poets often used old stories to speak about present events. But this way also makes the poem universal. 

Common Human Feelings: Dryden shows the love of a father. In the end, David speaks with power. He says he is both a father and a king. He will not let Absalom take the crown. He says God is with him. David is ready to fight. But he is also patient. He says,

“Beware the fury of a patient

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