Gulliver’s Travels : Summary

Plot Summary

Gulliver’s Life before Sea Voyages: Gulliver was a doctor by profession, but he could not find much success in his medical career. His wife’s name was Mrs. Mary Burton. Gulliver always wanted to go on sea adventures and engage in daring pursuits. Although his family initially objected, Gulliver ignored everyone’s concerns and decided to go on a voyage. He bid farewell to his family and left for the sea.

Gulliver’s First Voyage to Lilliput (Part 1: A Voyage to Lilliput): During his voyage, Gulliver’s ship was caught in a storm and sank. He swam to an unknown island, which turned out to be Lilliput. The people of Lilliput were only six inches tall. Seeing Gulliver as a giant, they tied him up with ropes. While keeping him restrained, they used ladders or stairs to climb up and down his body and shot tiny arrows at him.

When Gulliver regained consciousness, he saw these tiny people walking over his body and attacking him. Later, the Emperor of Lilliput visited Gulliver and ordered his soldiers to take him to the capital. Many people brought Gulliver to the city in a cart pulled by horses and imprisoned him in an old temple just outside town. Gulliver tried to convince everyone that he was not harmful and that he had only ended up there by accident.

At first, most people did not believe Gulliver, but the Emperor showed him trust and allowed him to stay. He was given his freedom on strict conditions—he would not harm anyone, would help the Emperor, would not eat beyond a certain amount, etc. Gulliver helped the Lilliputians in various ways, befriended them, and demonstrated his loyalty to the Emperor.

The Lilliput-Blefuscu War and Other Events: Lilliput was at war with its neighboring island, Blefuscu. When Blefuscu’s navy came to attack, Gulliver bravely went to the seashore and used ropes to tie up all the enemy ships and pulled them back to Lilliput. The Emperor was very pleased and awarded Gulliver the title “Nardac.” However, the Emperor wanted Gulliver to completely conquer Blefuscu and enslave its people, but Gulliver refused, as he did not want to rob anyone of their freedom. This angered the Emperor and some ministers, who began conspiring against Gulliver.

At one point, when the Queen’s palace caught on fire and there was no water available, Gulliver put out the fire by urinating on it. Although he saved the palace, the Queen and many courtiers felt insulted and became angry with him. The ministers, senior officials, and office seekers of Lilliput had to take part in an exam called “rope-dancing,” where they had to walk on a high rope to qualify for a post. Gulliver suggested that a net be placed below so no one would get hurt if they fell—a satirical commentary by the author on England’s flawed system of job selection.

Conspiracy and Gulliver’s Escape: In the end, some ministers again conspired against Gulliver and accused him of treason. Some wanted his eyes to be removed, others wanted him to be executed. However, the Emperor eventually decided not to sentence Gulliver to death but to have his eyes blinded. Gulliver’s friend Redresal advised him to escape, so Gulliver fled to the neighboring island of Blefuscu. There, he was received with kindness and care. Later, Gulliver found a small boat on Blefuscu and returned to England.

Gulliver’s Second Sea Voyage to Brobdingnag (Part II: A Voyage to Brobdingnag): Only two months after his first voyage, Gulliver set out on another sea adventure. On this journey, his ship was struck by a storm, and by accident, Gulliver drifted onto an unknown giant island named Brobdingnag. In this country, all living creatures, people, and plants were of gigantic size. Compared to an average human (6 feet), the Brobdingnagians were about 60 feet tall, which made Gulliver appear like a small insect or toy among them. Here, Gulliver found himself in a completely new and different world.

Discovery by the Farmer and Glumdalclitch: One day, a farmer found Gulliver while working in his field. Although the farmer was initially astonished, he carefully took Gulliver home. The farmer’s family, especially his young daughter Glumdalclitch, treated Gulliver with great affection and care. Gulliver called Glumdalclitch his “little nurse,” as she looked after him constantly, making his room, bed, and even serving his food. Gulliver felt some comfort and safety in their affection, though everything around him seemed massive and terrifying compared to his own life.

Gulliver as a Toy and Object of Amusement: The farmer saw Gulliver’s unusually small size as an opportunity to earn money. He took Gulliver to towns and fairs and displayed him to people, just like a living doll. People bought tickets to see Gulliver, hear him speak, and watch his little tricks. For Gulliver, this was extremely distressing and humiliating because he wished for privacy, but was compelled to be the farmer’s source of income.

Life in the Royal Palace and Treatment by the King and Queen: Eventually, an official from the Queen’s palace saw Gulliver and informed the Queen. The Queen was surprised and delighted upon seeing Gulliver and purchased him from the farmer for a large sum of money. At Gulliver’s request, Glumdalclitch was also allowed to stay with him in the palace as his companion. A small house and comfortable accommodations were arranged for Gulliver in the palace. The King regularly conversed with Gulliver, learning about the politics, society, education, law, and wars of England and Europe. In these discussions, the King often criticized and mocked European civilization in various ways.

Gigantic Animals and Daily Dangers: In Brobdingnag, everything was so gigantic that even ordinary creatures posed a threat to Gulliver’s life. For example, the mice, cats, birds, snails, and monkeys were all much bigger and more dangerous than normal. The Queen’s dwarf would often try to insult and bother Gulliver in various ways. Glumdalclitch did her best to ensure Gulliver’s physical and emotional safety at all times. Despite these dangers, Gulliver managed to overcome many difficulties through his curiosity, courage, and intelligence.

Debate about English Civilization: The King regularly discussed various topics with Gulliver, such as politics, laws, wars, government appointments, and the religion of England and Europe. Whenever Gulliver spoke about his country’s advanced military, weapons, or civilization, the King viewed all these things with criticism. He emphasized that true civilization meant peace, justice, and morality. According to the King, human greed, violence, war-mongering, and injustice were weaknesses in human nature. He remarked that mere physical greatness did not make a society civilized—the real civilization lay in virtue, humility, and good character.

Escape from Brobdingnag and Return: In the end, through an unexpected incident, while Gulliver was asleep inside his travel box, a giant eagle picked up the box and flew away, later dropping it into the sea. Some English sailors rescued the floating box and saved Gulliver, finally bringing him back to England. This experience forced Gulliver to reflect deeply on human limitations, petty pride, and the true nature of civilization.

Third Sea Voyage and Arrival at Laputa (Part III: A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib, and Japan): After his second voyage, Gulliver stayed home for a short while, then once again set out to sea. After a few days, his ship was attacked by pirates, who eventually set him adrift alone in a small boat. While floating at sea, Gulliver found shelter on an unknown island. Suddenly, looking up, he saw a massive floating island (Laputa) overhead. The island’s residents noticed Gulliver and, using ropes and chains, lifted him up. Thus, Gulliver arrived at the flying island of Laputa.

Strange Behavior and Way of Life of the Laputans: The people of Laputa behaved, dressed, and looked extremely strange. Their heads were tilted to one side; one eye looked upwards, and the other inward. They were so lost in thought that, to speak or listen, they required an attendant called a “flapper,” who would gently tap them on the mouth or ear with a blown-up bladder to bring their attention back. The Laputans were always absorbed in mathematics, astronomy, and music. Their social life and even their eating habits were very peculiar, and their scientific thinking had reached an extreme, often making them disconnected from real life. The women were also restless and attracted to foreigners.

The Scientific Structure of the Floating Island and the King’s Power: The island of Laputa is actually made from a huge, circular magnetic stone. Using the powerful magnet, scientists can move the island up and down, or from one place to another. By the King’s order, they can block sunlight or rain to any region beneath the island (the country of Balnibarbi), or even drop objects down if needed. If a rebellion occurs, the island can be lowered completely to crush the towns below, though this is rarely done. In this way, the King maintains control over the scattered cities on the ground.

Leaving Laputa and Arrival in Balnibarbi: Like with so many other islands and peoples, Gulliver could not be satisfied on Laputa. Among a nation obsessed only with science, music, and abstract thinking, Gulliver felt frustrated and lonely. Eventually, with the help of a distant relative, he was able to legally leave Laputa and reach the mainland below, Balnibarbi. There, Gulliver became a guest of the kind Lord Munodi in the main city of Lagado. Gulliver observed that most towns and villages were in distress; the people had suffered terribly because of fanciful, science-based projects. Lord Munodi, who followed old ways, had kept his lands and environment beautiful and orderly.

The Strange Science and Experiments of the Academy at Lagado: In Lagado, Gulliver visited the famous Academy of Projectors (scientists). In every room, different professors were busy with bizarre ideas and inventions. Some tried to extract sunlight from cucumbers; others wanted to make food from human waste; some were attempting to create gunpowder from ice. Someone was trying to teach the blind to distinguish colors, while others tried to spin colorful cloth from spiders’ webs. Some even tried to create a language without words, where objects would be used to communicate. None of these experiments had any practical use in real life, making this a satire on impractical science.

Political Experiments and Gulliver’s Observations: In another part of the Academy, Gulliver witnessed experiments on political systems—someone was trying to cut MPs’ heads and swap halves to promote agreement; another suggested that attractive people should pay higher taxes. Gulliver shared some of his own strange ideas, which were listened to respectfully. In the end, Gulliver realized that everything here was limited to grand talk and failed scientific projects, with little practical value in real life. Learning from this, he decided once again to return to his homeland.

Arrival and First Impressions in the Land of the Houyhnhnms (Part IV: A Voyage to the Land of the Houyhnhnms): For his fourth voyage, Gulliver set out to sea again, but his sailors mutinied, captured him, and abandoned him in an unknown land. Reaching this new country, Gulliver saw some strange, human-like creatures (“Yahoos”) wandering around—they were extremely filthy and violent. Shortly afterward, he encountered another race, the Houyhnhnms—horse-like in appearance, but much more intelligent than humans. Their behavior was intelligent, disciplined, peaceful, and idealistic. Gulliver realized that he had arrived in a truly remarkable and unique society.

The Society of the Houyhnhnms and Gulliver’s Adaptation: A Houyhnhnm (horse) took Gulliver to its home and introduced him to its family and other members of the society. The way of life of the Houyhnhnms was extremely simple, clean, and peaceful. They did not view Gulliver with suspicion but accepted him with human-like respect and compassion. The Yahoos (who looked human) were treated as labor animals in this country and represented filth and base character. Gulliver gradually learned the language and tried to follow the Houyhnhnms’ way of life, food, and customs. Life in this country had a profound influence on him.

Gulliver and His Master—A Dialogue on Human Civilization: Gulliver told his Houyhnhnm “master” about the history, wars, politics, society, greed, and deception among the people of his own country. The master wanted to know why humans cause themselves so much pain, tell lies, act arrogantly, and commit wrongs for the sake of money, fame, and pleasure. The master was astonished to hear all this, as in Houyhnhnm society, there was no lying, violence, greed, wrongdoing, cruelty, or filth. The master remarked that because of these faults, the Houyhnhnms were far more advanced and peaceful than the Yahoos (humans).

The Contrast Between Two Races—Yahoo and Houyhnhnm: Gulliver observed the lifestyle of the Yahoos around him—they were unjust, filthy, violent, extremely selfish, and cowardly. On the other hand, the Houyhnhnms were the embodiment of reason, morals, honesty, peace, and cooperation. Their society had no discrimination by gender, no jealousy, no disorder, no theft. Children received education and physical training, men and women shared equal respect, and the entire society operated based on reason. Gulliver realized deeply that it is human weaknesses that can turn society into one like the Yahoos.

The Assembly, Decision, and Farewell: Eventually, at an assembly of the Houyhnhnms, it was decided that Gulliver (as an advanced Yahoo) should no longer stay there, because he, too, could pose a problem in the future. Gulliver was very sad, even cried, but ultimately agreed to leave. His master and the other horses bid him farewell with respect. With their help, Gulliver built a canoe and, equipped with supplies, left the country.

Return, Disillusionment, and Alienation from Humans: After crossing the sea and facing many hardships, Gulliver managed to return to his own country. On the way, a Portuguese captain rescued him and treated him kindly, but Gulliver no longer wished to associate with anyone. After his long, peaceful, and truthful life with the Houyhnhnms, he saw human society as corrupt, confused, and deceitful. Even after returning home, he could not relate to his wife and children—he only found peace in his own garden and among horses.

Gulliver’s Realizations and Advice to Readers: Gulliver claims he wrote only the truth, never lies. He wishes that people would follow the path of truth and justice like the Houyhnhnms, giving up pride and living a life of peace, reason, and morality. He himself finds it very painful to witness human pride, anger, greed, and cruelty, which is why he chooses to keep himself apart from others.

Detailed Summary

Voyage 1: A Voyage to Lilliput.

Part 1, Chapter 1

Gulliver’s Early Life and His Captivity in Lilliput: Gulliver tells about his childhood. His family did not have much money, so he learned medicine. He got married and worked as a ship’s doctor. Later, he lost his job and went on another sea voyage. One day, a storm hit and his ship was wrecked. Gulliver swam to an unknown land. Exhausted, he fell asleep on the grass. When he woke up, he saw that the place in Lilliput where he was first captured was an open field—an isolated spot by the sea where he had been lying unconscious. The Lilliputians discovered him there and tied him to the ground with pegs and ropes.

The Lilliputians were only about six inches tall. Gulliver tried to escape, but the Lilliputians shot arrows at him, so he remained quiet. He was hungry, so he asked for food. The Lilliputians gave him food and water. Later, when he was taken to the capital, they kept him in an old temple for some days, which they described in their language as an abandoned building. Because of his large size, normal prisons or rooms were not suitable for him. Many people came to see him. He was able to walk a little, but was still a prisoner.

Part 1, Chapter 2

Gulliver’s Meeting with the Emperor and Gaining Trust: Gulliver looked around and thought the land of Lilliput was beautiful. The Emperor came with many people to see Gulliver. The Emperor was a bit taller than the other Lilliputians and wore fine clothes. He gave Gulliver food and drink. Many people came to see Gulliver. Soldiers kept troublemakers away. Some people shot arrows at Gulliver, but the Emperor stopped them. Gulliver showed mercy by not hurting anyone—in fact, even when he caught troublemakers, he let them go. This made the Emperor and everyone like him more.

The Emperor worried that Gulliver ate a lot and might escape. Some people wanted to hurt Gulliver, but in the end, the Emperor was kind and gave him food and clothes. The Emperor called teachers to teach Gulliver the language. After some time, Gulliver began to speak a little. To trust him fully, the Emperor had Gulliver’s body and pockets searched. They found his watch, money, knife, comb, a few weapons, and other items. Gulliver gave his sword and pistols to the Emperor, but kept a few small things hidden. The Emperor kept the weapons and returned the other items. Because of Gulliver’s humble behavior, everyone began to trust him even more.

Part 1, Chapter 3

Gulliver Pleases the Emperor and Gains Freedom: Gulliver is gentle and kind, so the Emperor and the people begin to trust him. Children play by climbing onto Gulliver’s hands and hair. Gulliver quickly learns the Lilliputian language. The Emperor and his officials show Gulliver their special games. The office-holders dance and leap on thin ropes, and those who perform well receive prizes and colorful ribbons. Gulliver builds a small stage with wood, where horses and soldiers perform. The Emperor enjoys watching these games.

Gulliver repeatedly asks for his freedom. In a meeting, the Emperor and his ministers discuss this issue. A minister named Skyresh Bolgolam does not like Gulliver but agrees to release him under strict conditions. Gulliver must promise not to harm anyone, avoid walking on fields or grass, help the Emperor, and only eat a fixed amount of food each day. Gulliver vows to obey these conditions. After this, the Emperor removes Gulliver’s chains. Gulliver finally gains his freedom, though he must still obey the rules.

Part 1, Chapter 4

Gulliver Visits the City and Learns About Lilliput’s Problems: Gulliver asks the Emperor for permission to see the city of Mildendo. The Emperor agrees but instructs everyone to be careful. The city is small for Gulliver, but crowded with people. Gulliver walks carefully to avoid breaking anything. The city has large walls, many houses, and busy streets. Gulliver also sees the Emperor’s palace. The palace is small, with very tiny doors, so Gulliver observes by using a wooden chair or stool. He looks through the windows and sees the Empress and the royal children.

One day, an important minister named Reldresal comes to Gulliver. Reldresal explains that Lilliput has two big problems. The first is political—two parties are in conflict over whether their shoes should have high heels or low heels. The second problem is war. The neighboring country, Blefuscu, might attack Lilliput. This war began over the question of which end of an egg should be broken—the big end or the small end! Reldresal tells Gulliver that, if their country is attacked, they will need his help. Gulliver agrees and promises to help the Emperor and the Lilliputians if there is a war.

Part 1, Chapter 5

Gulliver Saves Lilliput from War and Puts Out a Fire in the Palace: Blefuscu is a nearby island that wants to attack Lilliput. Gulliver makes a big plan. He builds many hooks and ropes, then goes along the beach to the enemy’s navy. The people of Blefuscu are frightened when they see Gulliver and shoot arrows at him, but Gulliver’s spectacles protect his eyes. Gulliver ties all the enemy ships together and pulls them back to Lilliput. Everyone is amazed and happy. The Emperor greatly honors Gulliver and gives him the title of Nardac.

The Emperor wants Gulliver to do more—he wants Gulliver to help conquer Blefuscu and make them slaves, but Gulliver does not want to enslave anyone. Because of this, some ministers become angry and jealous of Gulliver. After some time, six ambassadors came from Blefuscu to ask for peace. Gulliver helps establish peace between the two countries. One night, a fire breaks out in the Queen’s chamber. Everyone is terrified and no one can put out the fire. There is no water nearby. Gulliver puts out the fire by urinating on it, saving the palace. However, the Queen becomes angry because Gulliver extinguished the fire in such an unusual way, and some courtiers also become jealous and upset with him.

Part 1, Chapter 6

The People, Laws, and Customs of Lilliput: The people of Lilliput are very small, less than six inches tall. All their animals and plants are also tiny. Even the largest trees are only about seven feet tall, and the birds are very small, too. The Lilliputians write across the page, not up and down. They bury their dead with heads facing down because they believe that one day the earth will turn upside down and everyone will come back to life standing up. Many old customs still exist, though they are not always useful. The laws in Lilliput are very strict. Anyone who makes a false accusation is severely punished. Honest people receive rewards and honors. The Lilliputians consider cheating to be worse than stealing. Only good and virtuous people are given important jobs. Anyone who does not believe in God cannot work in government.

All children (except for some of the poor) go to school and do not stay at home. Both boys and girls are taught honesty, courage, and good behavior. Parents can see their children only twice a year. The children of the poor learn simple trades, while the rich families save money for their children. Gulliver stayed in Lilliput for nine months. It took many people to make his clothes, food, and bed. Sometimes the Queen and royal children came to visit Gulliver, but a minister named Skyresh Bolgolam spread false rumors about Gulliver and his wife. Through his time in the royal court, Gulliver made some friends, but he also gained some jealous enemies.

Part 1, Chapter 7

Gulliver Learns of a Conspiracy and Escapes to Blefuscu: Gulliver secretly learns that some powerful people in Lilliput are conspiring against him. They want to punish him for “great crimes,” or even for treason. Some enemies at the royal court make serious accusations, such as putting out the fire in the palace in an unusual way, not destroying Blefuscu, helping the ambassadors of Blefuscu, and planning to go to Blefuscu.

Some want Gulliver to die, while others want to blind him. Thanks to a warning from a friend, Gulliver finds out that the Emperor will not execute him. Gulliver does not delay any longer. With the Emperor’s permission, he decides to escape to Blefuscu. He swims across with a small boat and reaches Blefuscu. There, the Emperor and the people receive him well. Gulliver now feels safe and does not reveal Lilliput’s problems there.

Part 1, Chapter 8

Gulliver Escapes from Blefuscu and Returns to England: Three days after arriving in Blefuscu, Gulliver sees a small boat at sea. He asks the Emperor of Blefuscu for help. Many small ships and sailors assist him in recovering the boat. Gulliver then repairs it. He tells the Emperor of Blefuscu that he wants to go home, and the Emperor gives him permission. Meanwhile, Lilliput sends a message demanding that Gulliver be returned and punished. The Emperor of Blefuscu does not force Gulliver to return.

Gulliver prepares his boat and takes food, water, and some small cows and sheep with him. He leaves Blefuscu by boat. After a few days, Gulliver sees an English ship. The sailors could hardly believe Gulliver’s story about the Lilliputians—they doubted that people so small could really exist! Gulliver shows them some of the tiny cattle (the small animals from Lilliput) and some gold as proof. Seeing this evidence, the sailors believe his story. Gulliver returns safely to his country. Back in England, he earns money by showing the tiny animals, stays with his family for two months, and then wishes to travel again.

Voyage 2- Part II, A Voyage to Brobdingnag 

Part 2, Chapter 1

Gulliver Arrives in Brobdingnag and Is Captured by a Giant: Gulliver once again leaves England and goes on a sea voyage. In a great storm, the ship loses its way, and one day, they reach a huge country. Gulliver and some sailors go ashore by boat to look for water. When Gulliver is walking alone, he sees his companions running back to the ship—a gigantic human is chasing them. Gulliver now finds himself in a land where everything is enormous—the grass, the trees, the people—everything is gigantic. He tries to hide, but a giant man (a farmer) finds him. The farmer carefully picks Gulliver up and takes him home. The farmer’s family is at first amazed and scared to see Gulliver, but soon becomes interested in him and feels compassion.

They give Gulliver food on a massive table. Even ordinary things like cats, mice, and children are terrifying for Gulliver because they are so big. The farmer’s son tries to hurt Gulliver, but Gulliver forgives him and settles things peacefully. Gulliver sleeps on a large bed. One day, while lying in bed, two enormous rats sneak into the room and attack Gulliver. Bravely, Gulliver kills one of the rats with his sharp sword (a needle or small weapon). The farmer’s wife helps Gulliver. Gulliver realizes that here, among the giants, he is like a tiny pet.

Part 2, Chapter 2

Gulliver Meets Glumdalclitch and Travels around Brobdingnag: The farmer’s young daughter was very kind to Gulliver. She was intelligent and only nine years old, but she helped Gulliver with everything—dressing him, washing him, and teaching him the language. Gulliver calls her “Glumdalclitch,” meaning “little nurse.” She makes him a special bed to keep him safe from the rats. News spreads in the area that a tiny man named Gulliver has been found. A friend encourages the farmer to make money by showing Gulliver in the town. Glumdalclitch feels sad, but Gulliver does not mind.

The farmer puts Gulliver in a box and takes him to town. He would display Gulliver at local fairs, markets or public places to earn money, where people paid to see Gulliver talk, walk, and eat. Many come to see Gulliver and watch his activities. The farmer treats Gulliver like a toy. Glumdalclitch is always with him, making sure no one can hurt Gulliver. Gulliver is taken to many more towns. Later, the farmer decides to go to the capital city, Lorbrulgrud. Glumdalclitch brings Gulliver in a carrying box. They stop in many towns along the way. Many people come to see Gulliver, and though he grows tired, he learns the language well with Glumdalclitch’s help.

Part 2, Chapter 3

Gulliver is Bought by the Queen and Begins Life in the Palace: Because Gulliver has been displayed before so many people, he becomes very weak. The farmer realizes that Gulliver may soon die, so he decides to sell him. One day, a man from the royal court comes and takes Gulliver to the Queen. The Queen and her ladies are delighted and amused to see Gulliver. Gulliver politely greets the Queen and answers her questions.

The Queen buys Gulliver for a large amount of gold. Gulliver requests that Glumdalclitch be allowed to stay with him and take care of him. The Queen agrees. Glumdalclitch is happy, and the farmer is satisfied with his money. Gulliver meets the King, who is very wise and curious. Some scholars try to guess what Gulliver is, but they are unwilling to believe his story. Eventually, the King believes Gulliver and treats him well. A small house and new clothes are made for Gulliver.

The Queen sits Gulliver beside her at dinner. Gulliver tries to describe the greatness of England, but the King laughs and finds him small and ridiculous. Sometimes the Queen’s dwarf annoys Gulliver; once, he even throws Gulliver into a cream bowl. Flies and wasps are enormous for Gulliver now, and they bother him a lot. Glumdalclitch always takes care of Gulliver, and the Queen is very fond of him.

Part 2, Chapter 4

Gulliver Describes Brobdingnag and His Travels: Gulliver describes the country of Brobdingnag. The country is vast—with mountains, rivers, many cities, and villages. It is nearly six thousand miles long. Surrounded by seas and high mountains, it is difficult to go outside the country. No one can travel in or out by carriage or boat because of the huge ocean and mountains, so there is no contact with the outside world.

The largest city is the capital, Lorbrulgrud, which has over eighty thousand houses and about six hundred thousand people. The royal palace consists of many big buildings. Gulliver always travels sitting in a small box—carried by Glumdalclitch or a servant—through whose windows he views the city and country.

Gulliver visits the largest temple; the temple, statues, and buildings are incredibly large and beautiful. He sees enormous beggars and even giant insects, which astonish him. The Queen has a special traveling box made for Gulliver, so that he can safely and comfortably explore the country. The King travels with hundreds of large horses and a huge army. Gulliver is amazed by everything he sees in Brobdingnag.

Part 2, Chapter 5

Gulliver’s Funny and Dangerous Adventures in Brobdingnag: Because of his tiny size, Gulliver faces many amusing and dangerous situations in Brobdingnag. The Queen’s dwarf throws huge apples at him, which hurts him, but he is not seriously injured. Once, during a hailstorm, large hailstones fell on his body. Another time, a dog takes him in its mouth but then safely puts him down. Seeing this, Glumdalclitch becomes very worried and keeps Gulliver close to her all the time.

Sometimes, large birds, snails, mice, or mole holes endanger Gulliver. Birds easily pass by him, and once, Gulliver even catches and eats a giant bird for breakfast. The Queen’s maids play with Gulliver. One day, Gulliver goes to see a criminal execution, which seems very terrifying to him.

The Queen has a small boat made for Gulliver. Once, while he was in the boat, a huge frog came near, but Gulliver chased it away. Another day, a big monkey grabs Gulliver and takes him up to the roof, trying to feed him like it’s baby. The guards finally rescue Gulliver, but he becomes very ill. Through all these experiences, Gulliver realizes that here too, he is always like a toy—people laugh at his misfortune.

Part 2, Chapter 6

Gulliver Entertains the King and Queen and Talks about England: To please the King and Queen, Gulliver makes various things—he crafts a small chair and purse from the Queen’s hair. He sings and plays music for the Queen, although the music of Brobdingnag seems extremely loud to him. Gulliver uses sticks to play English tunes on a giant spinet (a musical instrument). The King asks Gulliver about England. Gulliver explains about England’s laws, government, parliament, judges, army, religion, and other matters. He praises his homeland greatly.

The King listens and asks many questions, pointing out problems in what Gulliver describes. He says that often important posts and honors do not go to truly good or intelligent people. The King laughs at how people get into government, how judges or priests can be bad, and how taxes and money are spent on wars and gambling. In the end, the King says that while Gulliver has described his country well, he is not impressed. He says the people of England are nothing more than “small, troublesome insects.” Gulliver feels sad but cannot reply.

Part 2, Chapter 

Gulliver Tries to Help the King and Learns More about Brobdingnag: Gulliver loves his own country very much and wants to show the King the good sides of England. He tells the King about gunpowder, which can be used to destroy cities and armies. Gulliver even offers to make these things for the King. The King is shocked and considers such inventions cruel and evil. He warns Gulliver never to mention such things again. The King says it is better not to use such weapons—even if it means losing a war. Gulliver thinks that the King does not understand politics.

Education in Brobdingnag is simple—they only teach what is necessary: ethics, history, poetry, and practical mathematics. Their laws are short, simple, and very clear. No law is longer than a few sentences. Their library is small, and their books are straightforward. The King’s army is large, but all are local people. The nobility lead them, but no one gets paid. In the past, the country had a civil war, but now the army is well run, and no one oppresses others. Gulliver thinks that many things in Europe and Brobdingnag are different—every country has good and bad sides.

Part 2, Chapter 8

Gulliver Escapes from Brobdingnag and Returns to England: Gulliver wishes to return to his own country, even though the King and Queen have always been kind to him. He always thought that some day he would be able to escape. One day, the King and Queen go for a walk by the sea. Glumdalclitch is sick, so she stays at home. Gulliver goes out for fresh air by the sea, accompanied by a servant. While Gulliver is resting inside his box, suddenly a giant eagle grabs the box and flies off with it. Suddenly, the eagle drops the box into the sea. After floating for some time, English sailors see the box and rescue Gulliver.

At first, everyone seems very small to Gulliver, as he has spent so long among the huge people of Brobdingnag. Others think Gulliver is crazy. The ship’s captain is kind and listens to Gulliver’s story. They return to England by ship. When Gulliver returns to his family, everyone looks strangely small to him. Gradually, he returns to normal life. However, Gulliver always remembers Brobdingnag and Glumdalclitch for the rest of his life.

Voyage 3- Part III. A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdrib, Luggnagg and Japan.

Part 3, Chapter 1

Beginning the Third Voyage and Arrival at Laputa: Gulliver stayed home for ten days. Suddenly, Captain Robinson arrived and invited Gulliver to go on another sea voyage. Gulliver’s wife agreed to let him go on another sea journey. Gulliver set out on a voyage with the captain. After some days, Gulliver went on a small boat to trade goods. Suddenly, pirates attacked. A Dutchman among them treated Gulliver badly and wanted to kill him. However, a Japanese captain protected Gulliver. The pirates set Gulliver adrift alone in a small boat with some food. Gulliver was alone at sea and reached an island. He survived by eating eggs and weeds. Later, he went to some other small islands. Finally, he slept in a cave on a rocky island. Suddenly, he saw a huge floating island in the sky. The people on that island saw Gulliver and lifted him up with chains. In this way, Gulliver arrived on the island of Laputa.

 

Part 3, Chapter 

The Nature of the Laputans and the Royal Court: The people of Laputa surrounded Gulliver. Their behavior, clothing, and faces were very strange. Their heads are tilted, with one eye turned upward and the other looking inward. They are always lost in thought, so when they need to speak or listen, an attendant stands beside them with a blown-up bladder to tap their mouths or ears and get their attention. Gulliver was taken to the royal palace. The king was extremely busy with mathematics and music. A language teacher was assigned to help Gulliver communicate, and Gulliver gradually learned a bit of their language.

The Laputans are always afraid, worrying that the sun, the planets, or a comet might destroy the world. Their food and clothes are unusually shaped. Even their houses are crooked—none of them are built properly. Here, women are very restless and like foreigners. They wish to leave the island, but the king does not allow it. Gulliver gradually learned the language and spoke to the king a little. The king was only interested in talking about mathematics.

Part 3, Chapter 3

The Mystery of the Floating Island, Laputa’s Science, and the King’s Suppression of Rebellion: Gulliver wanted to see the floating island of Laputa. His teacher showed him everything. The island is round, very large, and has a strong rocky underside. In the center is a huge magnetic stone, which is used to lift the island up or down and move it from one place to another. The scientists control this magnet. They can make very good telescopes and instruments, and have discovered many stars and planets.

How does the king suppress rebellion? First, the king blocks sunlight and rain from the rebellious town below. If the rebellion does not stop, stones are dropped from above. If the situation grows worse, the island is lowered until everything below it is destroyed. However, the king is very afraid to do this, as lowering the island can crack its own foundation. So, he usually punishes in other ways. Once, when a town rebelled, the people locked the island in place with the big magnet. Then the king was forced to quietly agree to their terms. In this country, the king and his family are never allowed to leave the island.

Part 3, Chapter 4

Gulliver Leaves Laputa for Balnibarbi and Lagado: Gulliver was not very happy on the island of Laputa. There, everyone knew only mathematics and music. Gulliver wanted to leave, and finally, with the help of a great person, he was able to take his leave from the king. The king and his relatives gave Gulliver gifts and a letter. Gulliver traveled to a country called Balnibarbi. He went to its capital city, Lagado, and stayed in the home of a kind lord named Munodi. Gulliver explored the city and countryside. The city’s houses were in bad shape, and the people were poor. Gulliver spoke a lot with Lord Munodi and learned that the country’s condition had worsened because people tried too many new ideas. Gulliver also saw that Munodi’s own land was clean and beautiful because he followed the old ways. Later, Munodi sent Gulliver with a friend to see the great academy.

Part 3, Chapter 5

Visiting the Grand Academy of Lagado: Gulliver received permission to visit the grand academy in the city of Lagado. The academy was made up of many rooms. In each room, a different scientist or professor was busy with strange inventions. One tried to extract sunlight from cucumbers, another wanted to make food from human waste. Some tried to create gunpowder from ice, or to build houses from clay taken from the moon. Others tried to make blind people understand colors, or to plow fields using pigs. There were many bizarre experiments, but none were successful. Some tried to make colorful cloth from spider webs, while others attempted to make stones from cows’ hooves. Someone even built a strange machine to write books—by turning it, many weird sentences were created. Some wanted to shorten language or communicate only by showing objects, removing words entirely. Others suggested swallowing books to instantly learn! Gulliver was amazed by all this. He realized that although there was much effort, nothing was truly useful.

Part 3, Chapter 6

More Experiments at the Academy of Lagado: Gulliver visited another section of the academy. Here, strange experiments on politics were being carried out. Some wanted kings and ministers to be chosen only if they were truly good, while others wished for peace among all people; some wanted to reward good deeds and encourage virtue. They invented many bizarre methods—for example, cutting off the heads of MPs and swapping halves, so that everyone would agree with each other. Some proposed funny new taxes: one suggested taxing people for their faults and mistakes, another suggested taxing people who are good-looking! Gulliver also gave some new ideas, which everyone listened to respectfully. Gulliver realized that everything here was just odd experiments that didn’t work in real life. He began to think about returning home.

Part 3, Chapter 7

Gulliver’s Journey from Maldonada to Glubbdubdrib: Gulliver left Lagado and came to the city of Maldonada. There, he could not find a ship, so he decided to visit an island called Glubbdubdrib. This is the island of magicians. The island’s ruler is a magician, and his house is very large and beautiful. This ruler can summon the spirits of dead people. Gulliver and his friends visited the ruler and ate with him. At first, Gulliver was frightened by the ghostly servants, but he soon became accustomed. The ruler told Gulliver that he could summon any famous dead people he wanted. Gulliver called up the spirits of many famous ancient kings and soldiers, such as Alexander, Hannibal, Caesar, Brutus, and many more, and listened to their stories. Gulliver felt great delight in meeting these legendary figures from history.

Part 3, Chapter 8

The True Face of History at Glubbdubdrib: Gulliver stayed a few more days at Glubbdubdrib. He met the spirits of many famous poets, writers, and philosophers, such as Homer, Aristotle, Descartes, and Gassendi. Gulliver learned that many great books have been written, but later generations have often misunderstood or misinterpreted them. He also discovered that the real history of royal and noble families was often hidden—the kings and nobles were not always as good as their public image. Many attained greatness through lies and injustice, while many good people often died poor and humiliated. Gulliver understood that much of history is false or concealed, and many great names reached their positions through wrongdoing. Seeing the simple lives of noble people in the past, he felt sad that people had changed so much in his own time.

Part 3, Chapter 9

Gulliver’s Journey to Luggnagg and Presence at the Royal Court: Gulliver returned from Glubbdubdrib to Maldonada. After a few days, he boarded a ship to travel to the country of Luggnagg. Upon arrival, Gulliver was detained for several days. Afterwards, he was summoned to the capital for an audience at the royal court. According to their custom, Gulliver had to crawl on the ground to approach the king. The king received Gulliver kindly. Gulliver was given a good room to stay in, and he was supplied with food and money for daily expenses. He stayed here for several months. The king treated Gulliver with great respect, but in the end, Gulliver wished to return to his family and his own country.

Part 3, Chapter 10

The Story of the Immortal Struldbrugs of Luggnagg: The people of Luggnagg are very polite and hospitable. Here, some people are born who never die; they are called “Struldbrugs.” At first, Gulliver thought the Struldbrugs would be very happy and wise because they lived for so long. He dreamed of what he would do if he were immortal—saving money, learning many things, and helping people. But Gulliver soon learned that the Struldbrugs were not happy at all. As they grow older, they suffer greatly in their old age, lose their memories, cannot communicate well, and are disliked and feared by others. Gulliver saw that the older they get, the more miserable and helpless they become. He realized that living forever is not desirable; it is better to die according to the laws of nature.

Part 3, Chapter 11

Gulliver Returns to England: Gulliver received permission to leave Luggnagg, and the king gave him many gifts. He traveled by ship to Japan. After arriving in Japan, Gulliver wrote a letter to the emperor, who received him with special honors. Since foreigners (especially Europeans) were suspected in Japan at that time, there was a law that required any arriving Christians to perform an “anti-crucifixion” ritual to prove they were not Christians or did not believe in Christianity.

But Gulliver introduced himself as a “Dutch citizen” (meaning from the Netherlands), because at that time, Dutch people received special privileges in Japan and were not strictly subject to the “anti-crucifixion” law. Gulliver requested the Japanese emperor to exempt him from this rule, and the emperor agreed. Later, Gulliver boarded a Dutch ship from Japan. After a long voyage, he first reached Holland (Amsterdam) and then England. Finally, Gulliver returned home and was reunited with his wife and family.

Voyage 4- Part IV. A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnm

Part 4, Chapter 1

Gulliver’s Journey Begins in the Land of the Houyhnhnms: Gulliver stayed at home with his family for five months. After that, he became the captain of a ship and set out to sea. However, some of his sailors went astray, mutinied, and took him prisoner. For a long time, they kept Gulliver locked up inside the ship. Eventually, they left Gulliver on an unknown shore and sailed away. Gulliver took some food and a few small items and started walking in this strange new land. He saw some bizarre-looking creatures called “Yahoos” (who were only used as laborers/animals). They looked ugly; Gulliver had never seen such creatures before. They behaved very rudely. Later, Gulliver met two horse-like creatures (Houyhnhnms), who were, in fact, the real rulers of this island (or country). Their bodies, heads, ears, legs—everything looked just like horses. These two horses examined Gulliver carefully and were amazed by his clothes, hands, and feet. They spoke in their own language, pronouncing words like “Yahoo” and “Houyhnhnm.” Gulliver realized these were highly intelligent beings.

Part 4, Chapter 2

Gulliver at the Home of the Houyhnhnms: A Houyhnhnm (horse) took Gulliver to its house. The house was made of wood with a thatched roof. There were several other horses in the family. Everyone examined Gulliver with curiosity and care. The horse showed Gulliver some other “Yahoos,” who looked like humans but were extremely filthy and disgusting. Gulliver realized that the Yahoos actually resembled humans, and he felt very disappointed. The horses ate mostly fruits, milk, and seeds, but Gulliver was not able to eat those things at first. Later, drinking milk made him feel a bit better. He also began to learn their language little by little. Gulliver made his own food—oats, milk, and sometimes vegetables. He was given a separate room to stay in at night. Gradually, Gulliver started to adjust to life in this country.

Part 4, Chapter 3

Gulliver Learns the Language and Reveals His Identity: Gulliver tried to learn the language. His horse-master, its family, and all the servants helped him learn. Everyone was amazed by Gulliver, because a Yahoo (a human-like creature) could speak so much! Gulliver would ask for the names of things and write them down in his notebook. Gradually, he learned many words and could form sentences. Many other horses from nearby came to see him. Gulliver wanted to tell them his life story, and he shared some of the beginning. He said he had come here by crossing the sea, but at first, no one believed him. Gulliver removed his clothes to show that he looked like an ordinary Yahoo but was clean and civilized. The horses were surprised by his clothes. Gulliver requested everyone not to call him a ‘Yahoo.’ His master treated him very kindly and helped him learn the language quickly. Gulliver promised his master that he would soon tell him more about his country and his own life.

Part 4, Chapter 4

The Houyhnhnms’ Thoughts about Truth and Lies, and Gulliver’s Story: Gulliver told his master about his own country and his life. The master was astonished because, in their country, no one ever tells a lie, nor does anyone feel suspicion. Gulliver explained that in his country, the Yahoos are humans and the Houyhnhnms are just animals—this surprised the master even more. Gulliver described how poorly horses (Houyhnhnms) are treated in his country: they are made to work hard, are made to suffer, and are often abandoned when they become sick. This saddened his master deeply, because in their world, such cruelty to animals is unimaginable. Gulliver also told his master that the people who traveled with him possessed many bad qualities; some were criminals, some thieves, some even killers. The master tried to understand what these bad qualities meant, since nothing like that existed in his world. Gulliver also told how he had come by sea from England. The master asked him for more information about his homeland and about Europe.

Part 4, Chapter 5

Gulliver Tells about England and the Causes of War: Gulliver’s master wanted to know what England was like and why wars occurred. Gulliver explained that in Europe, war happens for many reasons—greed of kings and queens, bad acts by ministers, small disagreements, and fights over land or property. Sometimes, wars happen for no real reason, just because one king fears another. The master was astonished, since in his own country, no one ever harms anyone else. Gulliver told him that England also has many laws, and many judges and lawyers, who sometimes win cases by lying. The common people suffer due to the complexity and misinterpretation of the law. The master was very disappointed hearing these things, since such problems did not exist in his world. He commented that since language exists to help people understand each other, why would anyone ever speak falsely? Gulliver continued explaining many things and answered the master’s questions, helping him grasp the real state of Gulliver’s country.

Part 4, Chapter 6

Money, Professions, and the State of Ministers in England: Gulliver’s master wanted to know why Yahoos (people) hurt each other. Gulliver explained that humans do many things for money. The rich take advantage of all the comforts, while the poor suffer. Women spend a lot on fine clothes, and men spend money on pleasure and food. Everyone wants more money—so some cheat, some steal, and some tell lies. Gulliver explained that in England, there are many diseases because people eat even when not hungry, drink alcohol, and behave badly. When people get sick, they need doctors and medicines, which causes further confusion. The master was surprised by all this since, in his land, food is shared by all and sickness is rare.

Gulliver also told him that, after the king and queen, the next most powerful person in England is the Prime Minister. This minister often lies, cheats others, takes bribes, and becomes very rich. The people who associate with the minister also rise in society. Gulliver explained that the nobility and royal families do not really care for the common people, and enjoy all the privileges. In fact, most of the aristocrats are idle, unhealthy, and proud. The master, upon hearing this, thought that Gulliver must be from a middle class family, which is why he was so simple and clean.

Part 4, Chapter 7

Gulliver’s Love for His Country and His Master’s Comments: Gulliver said that, at first, he loved his own country very much. But after seeing the honest and simple life of the Houyhnhnms, his mind changed. He realized that humans actually have many faults and much greed. Gulliver told his master all the truth and did not hide the flaws of his own country. After listening to everything, the master said that creatures like the Yahoos (humans) are not very intelligent because they only know how to increase desires, not how to behave well. He said that greed, envy, laziness, and quarrels are the root causes of everything in mankind. When the Yahoos find stones or minerals, they fight and create chaos, just like humans do over money and property. The master also pointed out that Yahoos are unclean, and the females are proud and quarrelsome, which again reflects human problems. Hearing these things, Gulliver was saddened, as he realized human weaknesses are truly overwhelming.

Part 4, Chapter 8

The Misery of the Yahoos and the Good Life of the Houyhnhnms: Gulliver saw that the behavior and life of the Yahoos (human-like creatures) around him were truly bad. They were stubborn, dirty, reckless, and ugly in both shape and manners. Gulliver saw that the Yahoos were extremely selfish, violent, and greedy. Recently, the Yahoos had even tried to attack him.

On the other hand, the life of the Houyhnhnms was very good and simple. They were honest, hardworking, clean, and kind. They never thought of anyone as greater or lesser. Their children received a good education and exercise. Girls were given the same education as boys. Youngsters were trained to be strong, quick, and useful. Among Houyhnhnms, there was no quarrel, violence, or jealousy; everyone lived peacefully together. During festivals, everyone would gather, and when needed, they would help each other. They always lived by the path of reason and truth.

Part 4, Chapter 9

The Houyhnhnm Assembly and Their Way of Life: Once, a grand assembly of the Houyhnhnms was held. Gulliver’s master attended the assembly. There, everyone discussed whether all the Yahoos (human-like creatures) should be eliminated from the country. Many argued that the Yahoos were evil, dirty, and mischievous, so they should be driven out. Gulliver’s master gave an idea: instead of killing all Yahoos, they should be made infertile while still young, so their numbers would decrease over time. Most agreed with this plan. The Houyhnhnms did not write anything down; all knowledge was passed on orally.

The Houyhnhnms led a simple and peaceful life. Their houses were plain and handmade; when someone died, there was no mourning or ceremony. They usually lived long lives and rarely got sick. They were known for friendship, truth, and hospitality. In their language, the word “Yahoo” was used to describe something bad. Gulliver said the life, education, and gatherings of the Houyhnhnms were all simple and pure.

Part 4, Chapter 10

Peace among the Houyhnhnms, Farewell, and Gulliver’s Departure by Canoe: Gulliver deeply loved life in the land of the Houyhnhnms. He had built himself a small house, arranged his own food and clothing, and lived there in peace and happiness. Everyone was honest and gentle. Gulliver had learned much, and his life had been transformed. However, one day his master told him it was no longer possible for him to stay, as the council had forbidden it. The other horses were afraid that Gulliver might someday turn evil like the Yahoos. Gulliver was heartbroken and wept, but in the end, agreed to leave. Gulliver and a companion horse built a boat out of wood, leather, and rope, and stocked it with food and water. Gulliver bade farewell to all the Houyhnhnms, saluting his master and everyone else before boarding the boat and departing.

Part 4, Chapter 11

Gulliver’s Return and His Thoughts on Human Life: Gulliver journeyed alone across the ocean by boat. He wished to settle alone on some deserted island. But when he reached a new land, he was injured by an arrow shot by a native. Later, some Portuguese sailors rescued Gulliver and took him onto their ship. A kind man named Captain Mendez gave him food and took care of him, and arranged for Gulliver to be returned to England. Although everyone treated Gulliver kindly, he could not bring himself to love any human, because his mind was still full of the virtues and true peaceful life of the Houyhnhnms. With difficulty, Gulliver made it back home; his wife and children were surprised and happy, but Gulliver did not want to see or touch them. He spent his time only talking to horses and caring for them, as he no longer enjoyed human company.

Part 4, Chapter 12

Gulliver’s Words, the Truth, and Advice for Readers: Gulliver said he had told his readers the truth about all his travels. He remarked that many travelers tell lies, but he wrote everything truthfully to teach people. He wanted humans to become more like the Houyhnhnms (the good horses), so that everyone would be honest and good. Gulliver hoped that, by reading his stories, people would change their bad habits. He also said he never wanted to harm anyone, but only wished to teach.

He stated that, for him, it was very difficult to tolerate human pride and evil deeds. Even his own family was hard for him to accept. He stayed in his little garden, spent time with horses, and tried to avoid understanding humanity too much. He advised readers: speak the truth, do good deeds, do not be proud, and try to live a peaceful and beautiful life like the Houyhnhnms.