What is Restoration? Discuss the historical and political background of the age.
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What is Restoration? Discuss the historical and political background of the age.
The Restoration Age (1660-1700) is a significant period in English history and literature. It is the time when King Charles II returns to the throne of England. The monarchy is restored after years of Puritan rule under Oliver Cromwell. This period changes England in many ways. Politics, society, literature, and religion all saw new developments. Here are the key points on the historical and political background of the Restoration Age.
The English Civil War (1642-1651): England experienced a long and bloody civil war before the Restoration. The battle was fought between the Royalists (supporters of King Charles I) and the Parliamentarians (those who supported Parliament). The war lasted for many years and many people died. The event ended in 1649 with the execution of King Charles I. The monarchy was abolished. England became a republic. However, Oliver Cromwell held the real power.
The Commonwealth and Cromwell’s Rule (1649-1660): After Charles I’s execution, England was declared a Commonwealth. This means it is a republic without a king. Oliver Cromwell becomes the most powerful figure during this time. In 1653, he took the title of Lord Protector. He ruled like a military dictator. Cromwell set strict Puritan values. He banned entertainment like theatres and festivals.
His rule was brutal. People became tired of it. When Cromwell died in 1658, his son Richard Cromwell took over. However, Richard was not a strong leader. This causes political instability. Many people feel to restore the monarchy.
The Restoration of the Monarchy (1660): With the country in disorder, Parliament invited Charles II. He was the son of Charles I. He returned from exile in France. In 1660, Charles II was restored to the English throne. This is called the Restoration period. People celebrate because they are tired of the strict Puritan rule. Theatres are reopened. Culture and entertainment returns.
However, Charles II is careful about his father’s mistakes. He understands that people would not accept monarchy completely. So, he balances his powerUnlock this study guide now