Discuss the involvement of Patroclus in the Trojan War.
The Iliad is a notable literary work by Homer. A complete discussion of this literary work is given, which will help you enhance your literary skills and prepare for the exam. Read the Main texts, Key info, Summary, Themes, Characters, Literary devices, Quotations, Notes, and various study materials of The Iliad.
Answer
Discuss the involvement of Patroclus in the Trojan War.
Or, Describe the funeral ceremony of Patroclus. [NU: 2019]
In “The Iliad” (762 BCE), Homer (c. 800-701 BCE) presents war, wrath, and human sorrow. Patroclus, the close friend of Achilles, plays an important role. His bravery, death, and funeral form central parts of the epic’s action and emotion.
Patroclus in Battle: Patroclus joins the battle when the Greeks suffer defeat. He wears the armour of Achilles and leads the Myrmidons. His appearance makes the Trojans flee in fear. He kills many warriors and saves the Greek ships from fire. His courage brings hope to the army.
Death of Patroclus: Patroclus forgets Achilles’ advice and pursues too far. Apollo strikes him and leaves him weak. Hector then kills him in single combat. His death brings sorrow to Achilles. It becomes the main reason for Achilles’ return. His fall changes the course of the whole war. Achilles says:
“I will not stop killing Trojans until . . .
I meet Hector and fight him
man to man, and he kills me or I kill him.”
Funeral of Patroclus: Achilles honours Patroclus with a grand funeral. The body is washed, anointed, and placed on a pyre. Many animals are sacrificed. The flames rise high to honor his spirit. After burning, his bones are collected in a golden urn. Achilles cuts his hair in grief. This funeral shows both love and tradition.
Funeral Games: Achilles arranges games to honour Patroclus. Chariot races, boxing, wrestling, and archery are held. Warriors compete for prizes. These games show Greek customs of respect for the dead. They also reflect friendship and loyalty. The games are part of Greek heroic society.
In conclusion, Patroclus is deeply involved in the Trojan War. His bravery saves the Greeks, his death moves Achilles, and his funeral shows Greek customs. Homer presents him with honour and makes his role central and memorable.