What does Leavis say about neoclassicism in Literature and Society?

Answer

Question: What does Leavis say about neoclassicism in Literature and Society?

Or, How does F. R. Leavis consider the Augustan Age?

In his essay “Literature and Society” (1937), Frank Raymond Leavis (1895-1978) discusses the influence of neoclassicism on literature. Neoclassicism refers to a revival of classical styles and values in art and literature, particularly during the 17th and 18th centuries. Leavis offers several points about neoclassicism:

Neoclassicism as a Dominant Tradition: Leavis suggests that neoclassicism was a dominant literary tradition that laid emphasis on social conformity and decorum. He notes that during the Augustan period, writers adhered to strict conventions and standards of conduct. Leavis writes, 

The conventions, standards and idiom of its confident maturity offer themselves for contemplation… The relevant point to be made about it… was that it laid a heavy stress on the social.

Limitations of Neoclassical Tradition: Leavis highlights the limitations of the neoclassical tradition, particularly its oppressive effect on individual creativity. He argues that the emphasis on social conformity may have hindered the deeper sources of originality in writers. 

Reaction Against Neoclassicism: Leavis discusses the reaction against neoclassicism by writers who sought to break free from its constraints. He mentions William Blake as an example of a writer who rebelled against the neoclassical tradition and emphasized individual expression. Leavis observes, 

To such a reversal there is clearly a limit… His individuality has developed… in terms of the language.

Impact on Literary Criticism: Finally, Leavis suggests that an understanding of neoclassicism is essential for literary criticism. He argues that neoclassical values shaped literary production and reception during its heyday. Leavis emphasizes the importance of recognizing the historical context in which literature is created. He states, 

What the literary critic has to deduce from his reading… behind the literature, a social culture and an art of living.

To conclude, Leavis portrays neoclassicism as a powerful social and cultural force that influenced literature and society. He highlights its significance for literary criticism responses from creative minds.