Make a Note of the Picture of Society you Find in Homer’s “The Iliad”

Answer

Make a note of the picture of society you find in Homer’s “The Iliad”,” making him a realist.

Homer’s (c. 800 BCE – c. 701 BCE) “The Iliad” (762 BCE) is more than just an epic tale of war. It is a mirror reflecting the society of ancient Greece. Through its characters, customs, and conflicts, “The Iliad” gives us a clear and realistic view of the values, beliefs, and social structures of the time. Homer’s portrayal is so detailed and authentic that it turns him into a realist who paints the life of his era vividly. 

The Importance of Honor and Glory: In “The Iliad,” being brave and winning glory in battle is very important. Achilles and Hector want to be remembered as heroes. The whole society respects those who fight well and earn honour. Achilles is angry because he feels he is not given the respect he deserves. Homer says, 

The rage of Achilles – sing it now, goddess.

This shows how important honour is and how it affects people. Homer shows that in this society, being honoured is everything.

The Role of the Gods: The Gods are a big part of people’s lives in “The Iliad.” The people believe that Gods decide what happens to them. The Gods sometimes help or hurt people depending on who they like. For example, Athena helps Achilles fight better, and Zeus controls the fate of everyone. Homer says,

Whoever obeys the gods, the gods will favor,

This shows that people think they must listen to the Gods to be safe. 

Social Status and Leadership: In this society, some people have more power than others. Kings and leaders like Agamemnon are respected and obeyed because of their position. Even a strong warrior like Achilles must respect the king. The poem says, 

A king is entitled to honor above all men.

This shows how society is divided, with those at the top having the most control. 

The Harshness of War and Mortality: Homer does not glorify. He represents war as a brutal act. He realistically describes the loss, pain, and death that war brings to society. Warriors like Hector and Achilles know they will face death, but they fight for honour. This makes Homer a realist in portraying this harsh truth.

The Role of Family and Friendship: Family and friendships are very important in “The Iliad.” We see Hector saying goodbye to his wife, Andromache, and it’s a very sad moment. He knows he might not come back from the war. She says, 

Hector, you are my everything now: my father, 

my mother, my brother – and my beloved husband.

This shows the love and care people have for each other, even when they know death is near. Homer realistically shows how people attach to their loved ones in difficult times.

The Influence of Fate: In this society, people believe in fate. They think that whatever happens is already decided. Hector knows he might die, but he still faces Achilles. He says, 

No man shall send me to Hades before my time.

This shows that people think their lives are controlled by fate, and they can’t change it. Homer shows that this belief was a big part of their lives.

Homer’s “The Iliad” gives us a clear and real view of society in ancient Greece. Homer does not hide the truth but shows life as it is. This makes him a realist. The story remains powerful because it talks about human experiences that are real and timeless.