Why Can We See Santiago As a Christ Figure in “The Old Man and the Sea”?

Answer

Why can we see Santiago as a Christ figure in “The Old Man and the Sea”? 

In “The Old Man and the Sea” (1952) by Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), Santiago can be seen as a Christ figure. This means he has qualities or experiences that remind us of Jesus Christ. Here are reasons why Santiago can be seen this way.

Suffering and Sacrifice: Santiago goes through great suffering, just like Jesus did. He endures physical pain and tiredness while fighting the marlin. Hemingway says, 

He took all his pain and what was left of his strength and his long gone pride and he put it against the fish’s agony.

This shows how Santiago sacrifices his body and pride for his goal. This is similar to how Jesus sacrificed himself.

Compassion and Humility: Santiago shows great compassion and humility, much like Jesus. He respects the marlin. He sees it as a worthy opponent. Even though he plans to kill the fish, he honors its strength and beauty. It reflects Jesus’ love and respect for all living things. Santiago says, 

I love you and respect you very much. But I will kill you dead before this day ends. 

Burden of the Cross: Santiago carries a heavy burden. It reminds us of Jesus carrying the cross. After his long struggle, he has to carry the mast of his boat. It is a symbolic cross, back to his shack. This imagery is very similar to Jesus’ journey to Golgotha.

Resurrection and Hope: Santiago’s story ends with a sense of resurrection and hope. Even after losing the marlin to the sharks, Santiago does not lose his spirit. The book ends with, 

The old man was dreaming about the lions. 

This dream symbolizes Santiago’s enduring hope and strength, much like the resurrection of Jesus brings hope to his followers.

Through his suffering, compassion, burden, and hope, Santiago embodies many qualities of a Christ figure. Hemingway uses these elements to create a powerful and inspiring character in Santiago.