How does Johnson defend Shakespeare’s mixing of comic and tragic elements?
Preface to Shakespeare is a notable literary work by Samuel Johnson. A complete discussion of this literary work is given, which will help you enhance your literary skills and prepare for the exam. Read the Main texts, Key info, Summary, Themes, Characters, Literary devices, Quotations, Notes, and various study materials of Preface to Shakespeare.
Answer
How does Johnson defend Shakespeare’s mixing of comic and tragic elements?
Some critics said that Shakespeare (1564-1616) was wrong to mix comedy and tragedy in one play. They thought a play should be only sad or only funny. However, Dr. Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) disagreed. In his “Preface to Shakespeare” (1765), he defended Shakespeare. He said life is not only happy or only sad. It is a mix of both. Shakespeare showed this truth. That is why his plays feel more natural and real to the audience.
Real Life is Mixed: Johnson says real life is not just sad or just happy. People experience both emotions every day. Shakespeare’s plays show this natural balance. For example, “Hamlet” (1623) has deep tragedy but also funny scenes with gravediggers. Johnson believes this mix makes the play feel more human. Strict separation of comedy and tragedy would make drama artificial. Shakespeare’s way is more accurate to life. Johnson praises this mixing followingly.
“Shakespeare has united the powers of exciting laughter and sorrow not only in one mind but in one composition.”
Balance of Emotion: Watching only serious scenes can be tiring. Johnson says variety makes plays more enjoyable. For example, “Macbeth” has dark moments and the drunken porter’s humor. This contrast keeps the audience interested. Pure tragedy might feel too heavy, while pure comedy may lack depth. Shakespeare’s balance gives both entertainment and emotional depth.
Comic Relief in Serious Plays: Johnson explained that comic scenes help in serious plays. They give rest to the mind. After a sad or tense scene, a funny moment helps the audience relax. This makes the next sad scene even more powerful. If a play is only serious, it becomes too heavy. Shakespeare used comedy to give the audience some relief. Johnson thought this made the plays more interesting and easier to watch.
Popular with Audience: Johnson also said that Shakespeare knew what the people liked. He wanted to entertain them. By mixing funny and sad scenes, he kept them happy and engaged. Even today,Unlock this study guide now