Discuss the Symbolic Significance of “Conch Shell” and “Glasses” in Lord of the Flies.

Answer

Discuss the symbolic significance of ‘the shell’ and ‘the glasses’ in Lord of the Flies. [2019]

William Golding (1911–1993), in “Lord of the Flies” (1954), employs symbols to illustrate humanity’s descent from civilization. The conch shell and Piggy’s glasses are the two most important symbols. They represent order, reason, and the thin line between civilization and savagery.

The Conch as a Symbol of Order: The conch shell represents law, unity, and leadership. Ralph uses it to call meetings and give everyone a voice. He says, 

“We can use this to call the others.” 

The conch becomes the foundation of democracy on the island. Whoever holds it has the right to speak. It creates equality among the boys. But as savagery grows, respect for the conch fades. When Roger crushes the shell with a stone, it marks the death of order and the beginning of complete chaos.

The Glasses as a Symbol of Knowledge: Piggy’s glasses stand for knowledge, reason, and civilization. They are used to light the fire, which is the only hope for rescue. The glasses show the power of science and intelligence. Piggy, the owner, is weak but wise. When Jack’s tribe steals the glasses, it means the victory of force over reason. Piggy cries, 

“I can’t see without them.” 

This shows that without wisdom and vision, humanity becomes blind. The breaking and stealing of the glasses mark the decline of human values.

Loss of Symbols and Civilization: Both the conch and the glasses lose their power as the boys become wild. The conch is destroyed, and Piggy dies soon after. This shows that order and intellect die together. The boys now live by violence, not by rules. Ralph stands alone, trying to protect the lost values. Golding uses these symbols to show that civilization is fragile. When fear and power replace logic and justice, destruction begins. The loss of the conch and glasses marks the fall into total savagery.