How could we represent The Duchess of Malfi as a revenge tragedy or a decadent play?
The Duchess of Malfi is a notable literary work by John Webster. A complete discussion of this literary work is given, which will help you enhance your literary skills and prepare for the exam. Read the Main texts, Key info, Summary, Themes, Characters, Literary devices, Quotations, Notes, to various questions of The Duchess of Malfi.
Answer
How could we represent “The Duchess of Malfi” as a revenge tragedy or a decadent play?
“The Duchess of Malfi” (1623) by John Webster (1578-1632) is often considered a decadent play and revenge tragedy due to its exploration of themes such as corruption, death, and moral decay. This tragedy is written in the early 17th century. The play explores the dark aspects of human mentality, especially of Cardinal and Ferdinand. It also reflects societal decay. Here are points that illustrate how “The Duchess of Malfi” can be viewed through the lenses of revenge tragedy and decadence.
The Presence of Revenge and Punishment: At the heart of the play lies a web of revenge. Ferdinand and the Cardinal conspire against their sister, the Duchess. It arises from a desire to control her and punish her because she defies their authority by remarrying. Ferdinand’s vengeful wrath is noticeable when he exclaims:
Cover her face; mine eyes dazzle: she died young.
This line captures Ferdinand’s satisfaction. Again, he reveals the horror as he faces the consequences of his revenge.
Decadence and Moral Corruption: The characters in The Duchess of Malfi are filled with moral decay. It displays the decadence of the court. The Cardinal, in particular, embodies corruption and hypocrisy. His affair with Julia and manipulation of those around him reveals his moral decay. He says to Julia,
I have taken you off your melancholy perch
This reveals the Cardinal’s view of people as mere instruments in his games of power and desire.
Elements of Horror and Violence: The play’s horror and graphic violence are hallmark traits of a revenge tragedy. Bosola brutally murders the Duchess and her children. He acts on the orders of her brothers, exemplifying this brutality. Bosola’s lament,
I am angry with myself now that I wake
He realizes the futility of his actions. He highlights the violence and the moral corruption. It fits well within the revenge tragedy framework.
The Use of Madness and Psychological Torture: Ferdinand’s decline into madness is a critical element of the revenge tragedy. His pathological obsession with his sister leads him to employ psychological torture. It reflects the genre’s characteristic focus on mental despair. His state is vividly portrayed when he confronts his sister with a severed hand.
The Atmosphere of Doom and Fatalism: The pervasive atmosphere of doom is essential to both revenge tragedies and decadent plays. The Duchess’s patient acceptance of her fate exemplifies this sense of inevitable downfall. She says,
I am Duchess of Malfi still.
Her view of identity in the face of death reflects the tragic inevitability and decay surrounding her.
In conclusion, The Duchess of Malfi masterfully blends elements of revenge tragedy with those of a decadent play. Webster uses vivid imagery and themes of corruption and power. It creates a haunting portrayal of the world. This world is consumed by vengeance and moral decay. The play’s enduring impact lies in its ability to evoke both horror and reflection on the darker aspects of human nature.