The Frogs : Characters

Characters

Major Characters

• Dionysus (God of Theatre and Comic Hero): Dionysus, the god of Greek drama, is the central character of The Frogs. He feels that Athens lacks a good tragic poet, so he goes to the underworld to bring back the dead Euripides. However, he is not brave but rather cowardly, lazy, and comical. His timidity and humorous behavior add extraordinary comedy to the play.
• Xanthias (the Slave): Xanthias is the slave of Dionysus. His wit and humor stand in contrast to the cowardice of his master. He often mocks Dionysus and proves himself braver than him. His role doubles the satirical humor of the play.
• Aeschylus (Tragic Poet): In the underworld, Dionysus meets Aeschylus, the ancient poet of epic-style tragedies. In the debate (Agon) with Euripides, he defends heroism, religious faith, and epic grandeur. Finally, Dionysus chooses him, believing that in a time of crisis, Athens needs Aeschylus.
• Euripides (Tragic Poet): Euripides, a contemporary dramatist of Aristophanes, was known for writing modern, logical, and realistic plays. In The Frogs, he opposes Aeschylus, trying to prove his own superiority. However, in the end, he is not chosen. Euripides represents intellectual challenge and rational style in the play.
• Chorus of Frogs: The most famous part of the play. They chant the sound “Brekekekex koax koax.” On his way to the underworld, Dionysus is accompanied by this chorus. They create humor, rhythm, and a satirical atmosphere in the play.

Minor Characters

• Heracles: Before going to the underworld, Dionysus takes advice from Heracles. The contrast between Heracles’ bravery and Dionysus’ cowardice creates a humorous comparison.
• Charon: The ferryman of the underworld. He carries Dionysus and Xanthias across to Hades.
• Pluto (Hades): The king of the underworld. In the end, he makes the final decision about whom Dionysus should take back to Athens.
• Aeacus: The gatekeeper of the underworld. He engages in quarrels with Dionysus and Xanthias, producing comic moments.
• Slaves/Attendants: Various characters and slaves of the underworld who exchange humorous dialogues with Dionysus and Xanthias.

Couples and Connections

• Dionysus and Xanthias: Although master and slave, often the slave proves more intelligent and brave. This creates satirical situations.
• Aeschylus and Euripides: The central literary rivalry of the play, representing the conflict between the ancient and the modern style.

Symbolism of Characters

• Dionysus: Although a god of drama, through his cowardice and humor, he reflects the weaknesses of ordinary human beings.
• Aeschylus: Symbol of ancient epic grandeur and a powerful voice.
• Euripides: Symbol of logic, modernity, and the complexities of real life.
• Chorus of Frogs: Symbol of humor, satire, and the joyful rhythm of comedy.