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The Outsider : Literary devices

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The Outsider is a notable literary work by Albert Camus. A complete discussion of this literary work is given, which will help you enhance your literary skills and prepare for the exam. Read the Main texts, Key info, Summary, Themes, Characters, Literary devices, Quotations, Notes, and various study materials of The Outsider.

Literary devices

Figures of Speech

  • Irony: Definition: Irony occurs when there is a gap between what is expected and what actually happens. Example: Although Meursault is tried for murder, the court gives more importance to his indifference at his mother’s funeral. Not the murder, but not crying becomes the greater crime. Effect: Irony shows that society values emotions more than the crime itself.
  • Metaphor: Definition: When something is used as a symbol of another thing, it is a metaphor. Example: The sun is a metaphor here. The heat and glare symbolize human helplessness. It is under the pressure of the sun that Meursault fires the gun. Effect: The metaphor shows man’s weakness and submission to nature.
  • Hyperbole-like Exaggeration: Definition: Stating something in an exaggerated way. Example: The prosecutor calls Meursault a “monster.” This is an exaggeration beyond reality. Effect: Shows how society oppresses those who are different.
  • Repetition: Definition: Repeating the same words or ideas again and again. Example: Meursault repeatedly says, “It doesn’t matter to me.” Effect: His detachment and absurd view of life become clear.
  • Paradox: Definition: A statement that seems contradictory but reveals truth inside. Example: By accepting the inevitability of death, Meursault finds peace. Life is meaningless, yet he discovers meaning in that very meaninglessness. Effect: Reveals Camus’s philosophy of the “Absurd.”
  • Symbolism:
  • The Sun: The heat and glare symbolize murder and restlessness. It reflects the absurd pressures of life.
  • The Sea: While swimming with Marie Cardona, the sea symbolizes joy and freedom.
  • The Court: Represents not just law but society’s judgment and moral authority.
  • The Prison: Symbolizes human limitations and life’s constraints.
  • The Chaplain: Represents religious faith and social pressure. By rejecting religion, Meursault shows his independence.

 

Moral Lessons from The Outsider

  • Indifference is isolation.
  • Death gives life meaning.
  • Society fears the outsider.
  • Nature overpowers man.
  • Freedom is accepting absurdity.