The Picture of Society in Homer’s “The Iliad.”

Answer

Make a note on the picture of society you find in Homer’s “The Iliad.” [NU: 2018, 21] ★★★

Homer’s (c. 800 BCE – c. 701 BCE) “The Iliad” (762 BCE) is more than a tale of war. It reflects the social life of ancient Greece. Through characters and customs, Homer shows the real values of that time. We see honour, leadership, family, and fate in action. The poem gives a mirror of Greek society. Its picture is so close to the truth that it makes Homer a realist of his age.

Honour and Glory: In this society, honour is the highest value. Men fight for name and fame. Achilles feels insulted when Agamemnon takes Briseis. Hector wants to be remembered as a brave hero. The society respects warriors who prove courage. Homer begins: 

“The rage of Achilles – sing it now, goddess.” 

This shows how personal honour controls action. Glory is the measure of a man. Homer shows a society where respect is everything. Without honour, a man loses value.

Role of the Gods: The Greek society believes gods decide human fate. Gods guide, punish, and protect people. Apollo sends plague when his priest is insulted. Athena helps Greek warriors in battle. Zeus, the king of gods, controls destiny. Homer says,

 “Whoever obeys the gods, the gods will favor.” 

This line reflects the belief of the time. In this society, people must pray, sacrifice, and obey. The gods are part of daily life. Society cannot imagine life without them.

Social Status and Leadership: Society is divided by rank and power. Kings and leaders stand above others. Agamemnon leads because he is king. Even strong warriors like Achilles must show respect. Homer says, 

“A king is entitled to honor above all men.” 

This shows the right of rulers. Society depends on order and command. Warriors and common men follow their chiefs. That means that the highest honor is for