Syed Waliullah’s use of existentialism in Tree Without Roots

Answer

Discuss Syed Waliullah’s use of existentialism in “Tree Without Roots.” [2017]  

Existentialism is a philosophy that teaches humans must define their own purpose in an uncertain and meaningless world. Syed Waliullah’s (1922-1971) remarkable novel “Tree Without Roots” (1948) explores the theme of existentialism in a rural Bengali setting. Majeed, the central character, is an example of an existential man. He struggles to survive and defines his own truth. Waliullah uses Majeed’s journey to show how a man fights against poverty, fear, and social absurdity to protect his existence.

Struggle for Existence: Majeed’s life begins with poverty and loneliness. He wanders from one place to another in search of food and identity. His journey from the Garo Hills to Mahabbatpur marks his fight for survival. In Mahabbatpur, he finds an old grave and turns it into a mazar. He invents a story that a saint named Shah Sadeque appeared in his dream. This lie becomes his tool of survival. The following quote shows how Majeed uses religion to justify his actions. 

“Brethren! Man can never comprehend the mystery of God’s acts”. 

Existence Precedes Essence: Existentialism teaches that man first exists and then creates his own meaning. Majeed’s actions reflect this idea. He does not accept moral or social rules. He builds his identity through falsehood and power. His survival depends on the villagers’ belief in the mazar. He knows that if they stop believing, he will again become poor and nameless. So, he creates his own truth and imposes it on others. His words reveal his manipulation of belief.

“It is well that a man should know it when he sins… ignorance is the greatest sin of all.” 

Freedom and Responsibility: Majeed is free to choose his path. He uses his freedom to create his own world in Mahabbatpur. He controls people, delivers sermons, and punishes others in the name of faith. Yet, existential freedom also demands responsibility. Majeed accepts this when he faces the end alone. He never blames others