Tom Jones Reflects the Social Picture of a Mid-Eighteenth Century of England.

Answer

“Tom Jones reflects the social picture of a mid-eighteenth century of England.” Elucidate.

Or, what contemporary social traits do you find in Henry Fielding’s novel “Tom Jones?”

“Tom Jones,” written by Henry Fielding (1707-1754) and published in 1749, provides a rich and detailed portrayal of mid-eighteenth-century English society. This novel offers insights into various social classes and the moral values of the time.

In the dedication of the novel, Henry Fielding declares his purpose:

It is much easier to make good men wise, than to make bad men good.

It suggests the story depicts both good men and bad men existing in the society of Fielding’s time. Through its characters and their interactions, “Tom Jones” captures the complexity and diversity of the society it depicts.

Social Classes and Mobility: Fielding presents a vivid picture of the different social classes in England. The protagonist, Tom Jones, is found as a baby and raised by Squire Allworthy, a kind and wealthy landowner. Despite his unknown parentage, Tom grows up in a privileged environment. However, his status remains uncertain due to his unknown parentage. It illustrates the rigid class distinctions of the time.

The novel highlights the contrasts between the upper class, represented by Squire Allworthy and his circle, and the lower classes, depicted through characters like Black George, the gamekeeper. Fielding also explores the middle class, particularly through the character of Mr. Western, a wealthy but ill-mannered/boorish squire, and his daughter, Sophia.

Morality and Hypocrisy: “Tom Jones” delves into the theme of morality, often highlighting the hypocrisy prevalent in society. Characters like Blifil, who outwardly appear virtuous, are exposed as deceitful and self-serving. He desires to inherit Mr. Allworthy’s wealth. In contrast, Tom, despite his flaws and impulsive behavior, is fundamentally good-hearted and generous. Fielding uses these contrasts to critique the moral pretensions of the time. Fielding critiques the hypocrites in the following manner:

Both religion and virtue have received more real discredit from hypocrites than the wittiest profligates or infidels could ever cast upon them.

It suggests that hypocrites are viler than rascals and infidels.

Sexuality: The novel also addresses issues of sexuality and romantic relationships, challenging contemporary norms. Tom is involved in numerous sexual relationships and scandals. We learn that Bridget had an illegal relationship with a schoolmaster named Partridge. Molly Seagrim had a sexual relationship with Tom. Though Molly becomes pregnant, Tom is unsure who is the father. Lady Bellaston is ready to take any measures necessary for her desire for Tom. Lady Bellaston would do anything to separate Tom and Sophia –

And as she [Lady Bellaston] plainly saw that this young lady stood between her and the full indulgence of her desires, she resolved to get rid of her by some means or other…

Fielding’s frank treatment of these topics was bold for his time and added to the novel’s realism.

Role of Women: Women in “Tom Jones” are portrayed with a nuanced/subtle/slight understanding of their roles and limitations in society. Sophia Western stands out as a character of integrity and strength. She navigates the challenges of love, family expectations, and social pressures. Her relationship with Tom highlights the struggles women faced in seeking autonomy and genuine affection in a male-dominated society.

Fielding also portrays other female characters, such as Lady Bellaston, who uses her social position and wealth to exert control and influence.

Urban and Rural Life: Fielding contrasts urban and rural life, offering a panoramic view of England. The countryside is depicted as a place of natural beauty and simplicity, but also of rustic ignorance and superstition. Characters like Squire Western embody the rough, unrefined aspects of rural life.

In contrast, London is portrayed as a bustling, dynamic, but morally ambiguous city. Tom’s adventures in London expose him to both the vibrancy/liveliness and the dangers of urban life. The city represents opportunity and excitement but also vice and corruption.

In summary, Henry Fielding presents a detailed and multifaceted picture of mid-eighteenth-century England in “Tom Jones”. Through its exploration of social classes, morality, sexuality, urban and rural life, and the roles of women, the novel offers a comprehensive reflection of the society in which it was written. Fielding’s keen observations and engaging storytelling make “Tom Jones” a valuable social document of its era.