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What are the principles of CLT?
The “Communicative Language Teaching” (CLT) approach is based on several core principles emphasizing communication, interaction, and real-life language use. It focuses on communication and real-life language use. The goal is for students to interact meaningfully in the target language. Grammar is taught in context, and all language skills—speaking, listening, reading, and writing—are integrated. Here are the main principles of CLT:
Communication as the Primary Goal: The main objective of CLT is to develop communicative competence. Language learning is seen as learning to communicate in the target language. It focuses on real-life interaction rather than just memorizing grammar rules.
Contextualized Language Use: Language is taught in context, not in isolation. Grammar and vocabulary are presented within meaningful contexts. It allows students to see how language is used in real situations.
Focus on All Four Skills: CLT integrates listening, speaking, reading, and writing from the beginning. These skills are taught together as communication requires a blend of all four. For example, an activity might involve listening to instructions, speaking to clarify, reading related materials, and writing a response.
Student-Centered Learning: The teacher’s role is as a guide or facilitator. Students participate actively in their learning through pair work, group work, and other interactive activities that promote communication.
Emphasis on Fluency over Accuracy: While accuracy is essential, CLT prioritizes fluency and the ability to express ideas, even if it means making some grammatical errors. The focus is on meaningful communication rather than perfect language use.
Use of Authentic Materials: CLT encourages using real-life materials such as newspapers, magazines, and authentic conversations. These materials expose learners to the target language used in authentic contexts.
To conclude, the principles of CLT focus on making language learning relevant, interactive, and practical. By emphasizing communication, context, and student involvement, this approach aims to equip learners with the skills to use the target language effectively in real-life situations.