Who is to blame for the tragedy of Phaedra? Why?

Answer

Who is to blame for the tragedy of Phaedra? Why? [NU: 2020]

Lucius Annaeus Seneca (4 B.C.–65 A.D.), the Roman Stoic philosopher and dramatist, wrote “Phaedra” around 50 A.D. The play presents the tragic story of Queen Phaedra’s forbidden love for her stepson, Hippolytus. Her passion, guilt, and false accusation bring death to both herself and Hippolytus. The tragedy happens because of several causes. No single person is fully guilty. Phaedra, Hippolytus, the Nurse, and even the gods share responsibility. The play shows how passion, pride, and fate together cause ruin.

Phaedra’s Guilty Passion: Phaedra is the main cause of the tragedy. Her sinful desire for Hippolytus begins the chain of suffering. She knows her love is wrong but cannot control it. She says, 

“Passion forces me to take the worser path.” 

Her weakness lies in her inability to resist passion. Though she feels shame and guilt, she still confesses her desire. Her later lie against Hippolytus makes her guilt heavier. Yet, Seneca presents her as both sinner and victim. Her moral fall and painful love start the tragic destruction.

Hippolytus’ Harsh Pride: Hippolytus also shares blame because of his pride. He hates all women and refuses love completely. His heart has no pity for Phaedra’s suffering. He says, 

“Away with thy impure touch from my chaste body.” 

His cruel rejection increases her pain. His extreme purity becomes arrogance. Seneca shows that even virtue without compassion can be dangerous. Hippolytus’ pride blinds him to others’ feelings. His anger and harsh words drive Phaedra toward guilt and death. Thus, his cold pride adds fuel to the fire of tragedy.

The Nurse’s Evil Role: The Nurse’s actions make the tragedy worse. She tries to help Phaedra but uses the wrong methods. She encourages the queen to follow her passion. The Nurse says, 

“Let us test that grim and stubborn soul.” 

Her plan to