Arnold’s Theory of Poetry as a Criticism of Life.
The Scholar Gipsy is a notable literary work by Matthew Arnold. A complete discussion of this literary work is given, which will help you enhance your literary skills and prepare for the exam. Read the Main texts, Key info, Summary, Themes, Characters, Literary devices, Quotations, Notes, to various questions of The Scholar Gipsy.
Answer
Discuss Arnold’s theory of poetry as a criticism of life.
or, Arnold’s criticism of life in “The Scholar Gipsy.”
Matthew Arnold (1822-88) is a prominent Victorian poet. He believed that poetry should be a “criticism of life.” This means poetry should reflect, analyze, and critique the realities and conditions of human existence. In “The Scholar-Gipsy,” (1853) Arnold exemplifies this theory through his exploration of modern life versus an idealized, simpler existence. Here are points that illustrate how the poem serves as a criticism of life.
Critique of Modern Life’s Discontent: Arnold uses the Scholar-Gipsy to highlight the dissatisfaction and weariness of modern existence. He describes modern life in such a way,
This strange disease of modern life,
With its sick hurry, its divided aims.
These lines emphasize how contemporary society is characterized by extreme busyness and lack of direction. This leads to a deep sense of unhappiness and weariness.
Contrast with an Idealized Past: The poem presents the Scholar-Gipsy’s life as a contrast to the chaos of modern life. The Scholar-Gipsy embodies a focused and purposeful existence. He is free from the distractions and pressures of contemporary society. Arnold writes,
Thou hadst one aim, one business, one desire;
This highlights a life devoted to a singular, meaningful quest. This contrast criticizes the fragmented nature of modern pursuits. It suggests a longing for a simpler, more dedicated way of living.
Reflection on Immortality and Purpose: Arnold reflects on how the Scholar-Gipsy’s relentless pursuit grants him a form of immortality. He is untouched by the wear and tear of time. Arnold states,
Thou hast not lived, why should’st thou perish, so?
This line indicates that because the Scholar-Gipsy has not surrendered to the exhausting nature of modern life. He remains timeless.
In “The Scholar-Gipsy,” Matthew Arnold uses the poem to reveal the scholar-gipsy’s purposeful existence. Through this contrast, Arnold’s poetry powerfully reflects on and criticizes the human condition.