Langston Hughes as an Anti-Racialist

Answer

Discuss the elements of anti-racialism in the poems of Langston Hughes. Or, What is racism or racialism? Discuss Langston Hughes as an anti-racialist. 

Racism or racialism is the belief that one race is superior to another. It leads to discrimination and prejudice based on race. Racism manifests in various forms, including segregation, exclusion, and the denial of equal rights to certain racial groups. Langston Hughes (1901-1967), a prominent African American poet, addressed the harsh realities of racism in his poetry and advocated for equality and justice. Through his works, Hughes emerged as an anti-racialist. 

Protest Against Racial Discrimination: In the poem “I, Too” (1926), Hughes directly addresses the issue of racial discrimination. The speaker represents the African American community. He declares, 

I, too, sing America. 

When the company comes, they send the poet to “eat in the kitchen”. The poet remains hopeful that one day he will be “at the table” with everyone else. This poem is a powerful protest against the exclusion and marginalization of Black people. It highlights Hughes’s belief in equality and justice for all.

The Pain of Deferred Dreams: “Harlem” (1951) by Langston Hughes delves into the frustration and despair caused by unfulfilled dreams due to racial oppression. The opening lines:

What happens to a dream deferred? 

Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?

These lines use metaphorical language to reflect the emotional burden of racism on African Americans. The poem illustrates how postponed dreams wither and lose their vitality, much like a raisin drying under the sun. Hughes emphasizes the damaging effects of denying people their rights, opportunities, and aspirations. This ultimately leads to anger, unrest, and deep-seated pain.

Expression of Sorrow and Resilience: In “The Weary Blues” (1926), Hughes uses the image of a Black musician. He plays the blues to convey the deep sorrow and weariness felt by African Americans living under racial oppression. The musician sings:

I got the Weary Blues

And I can’t be satisfied.

These lines capture the sense of despair that comes from enduring constant discrimination. The blues also represent resilience. Hughes’s depiction of the blues as an expression of pain and a source of strength underscores his anti-racialist message.

Celebration of Black Identity: “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” (1921) is a celebration of African heritage and the enduring strength of Black people. Hughes traces the history of African Americans back to ancient rivers like the Euphrates, the Nile, and the Mississippi. They symbolize the deep roots and resilience of African culture. By highlighting the significance of Black identity and unity, Hughes challenges the notion of racial superiority. He reinforces the importance of equality and respect for all races.

Vision of Racial Equality: Throughout his poetry, Hughes advocates for a vision of America where racial equality is a reality. In “I, Too,” the speaker confidently declares, 

They’ll see how beautiful I am

And be ashamed—

I, too, am America.

This vision is not just about acceptance but about the recognition of the inherent worth and beauty of African Americans. Hughes’s poetry inspires a sense of pride and determination. It also encourages the African American community to strive for justice and equality.

In termination, Langston Hughes’s poetry reflects a deep commitment to challenging racism and advocating for equality. Through his works, he addresses the pain and frustration caused by racial oppression. He also celebrates the resilience and strength of the African American community. Here, Hughes’s anti-racialist message is clear.