Whitman as a Modern Poet

Answer

Consider Whitman as a modern poet.

Modernist poetry refers to poetry written between 1890 and 1950 in the tradition of modernist literature. Walt Whitman (1819-1892) is often considered a pioneering modern poet because of his innovative style, themes, and approach to poetry. His works break away from traditional forms. It embraces free verse and focuses on individuality, democracy, and the complexity of the human experience. Whitman’s poetry demonstrates his modern sensibilities and marks him as pivotal in the transition to modernist literature.

Breaking Traditional Forms: One of the hallmarks of modern poetry is the break from traditional forms and meters. Whitman’s use of free verse in “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” (1865) is a clear example of this modern approach. Unlike many earlier poems’ structured rhyme and meter, Whitman’s lines flow freely, mimicking natural speech and thought. For example, he writes, 

In the swamp in secluded recesses,

A shy and hidden bird is warbling a song.

This use of free verse allows for a more organic and expressive form. It reflects the modern poet’s desire to capture the complexities of human experience more authentically.

Focus on Individual Experience: Modern poetry often emphasizes exploring individual experience. It delves into personal emotions, thoughts, and perceptions. Whitman’s “O Captain! My Captain!” (1865) is a poignant example of this focus. The poem is a personal elegy for President Abraham Lincoln, whom Whitman admired deeply. The speaker’s repeated plea, 

O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;

The line reveals an intimate connection to the fallen leader. It highlights the modernist theme of personal grief amidst a broader historical context.

Use of Symbolism: Whitman’s symbolism in “O Captain! My Captain!” and “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” aligns with modern poetry’s emphasis on layered meanings and complex imagery. In “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d,” the lilac, star, and bird symbolize life, death, and mourning. The star is described as:

O powerful western fallen star!

It represents Abraham Lincoln, whose death profoundly impacted the speaker and the nation. Similarly, in “O Captain! My Captain!” the ship symbolizes the United States, and the fallen Captain represents Lincoln. 

Engagement with Social and Political Issues: Whitman’s poetry frequently engages with his time’s social and political issues. “O Captain! My Captain!” is a personal elegy and a reflection on the nation’s state after the Civil War. The poem captures the collective grief of a country mourning its leader while celebrating the Union’s victory. The tension between these two emotions—victory and loss—reflects the complexity of modern life. Whitman’s ability to address these issues in a way that resonates personally and nationally marks him as a modern poet.

Innovation in Form and Content: Modern poets often embrace change and seek to innovate in form and content. Whitman’s use of free verse, new structures, and contemporary events like the Civil War shows his modern style. Whitman says, 

I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

The line captures the ongoing process of grief and renewal and reflects the modern poet’s interest in capturing the fluidity of time and emotion.

In conclusion, Walt Whitman’s poetry embodies many characteristics of modern poetry. His innovative use of free verse, exploration of personal and collective experiences, and symbolism highlight his role as a modern poet. Thus, Walt Whitman is a modern poet.